Color Flow Mode (CFM) is also called as Color Flow Doppler Imaging (CFD). These are the ultrasonic imaging techniques used for measuring the blood flow through the heart. They display the flow data on the 2-D echocardiography image. The technique is mainly used for determining the congenital, valvular and other forms of disease related to heart.

The color flow mode imaging is based on the Doppler Effect of the acoustics. The Doppler Effect helps to find out the blood flow from different parts of the body. It helps to identify the direction of the flow of blood. Color flow mode imaging is understandable to the common user. They avoid the displays of the complex spectral velocity structures.

In the color flow imaging different colors defines the direction of the given jet. The red color and blue colors are taken for defining the direction. The change in the hues from bright to dull depicts the change in the velocities. When there is turbulence in the blood flow a mosaic of colors is formed. Therefore a 2-D display of the blood flow is depicted by the identification of size, velocity and direction.

Red color is used to depict the flow towards the transducer and the blue color is used to depict the flow away from the transducer. Different color references can always be seen in different Doppler Imaging devices. Generally in color flow mode the color bar of black color represents zero flow.

Color flow mode is a very easy and understandable way to study the ultrasonic waves to calculate the blood flow. By making different colors as the codes to measure the flow of blood people can get easily the meaning of the reports generated. These techniques work in the normal hearing range of the humans thus are not harmful for humans.

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Mammography machines help analyze breast tissue for possible incidence of cancer and are the choicest tools for guiding breast biopsy procedures. It works by directing a low frequency X-ray through the breast tissue and rendering detailed images for the physician to analyze. The high clarity and definition of these images helps perceive even delicate tissues within the breast. The GE Senographe DMR Mammography Machine is a highly advanced state of the art piece of medical equipment from GE that delivers high performance at affordable costs. GE has been a pioneer in mammography machine manufacturing and over the years has set high industry standards which are rarely matched by competitors.

The machine is very user friendly and has 5 photocells for expansive imaging functionalities in breast placement and digital angulations display. It also provides hands free compression and offers more interaction with the patient by way of vertical height adjustment. The quality of images rendered by a mammography machine is of utmost importance. The high image quality increases the diagnostic capabilities of physicians and the GE Senographe DMR is ahead of the competition in that it delivers high quality images with superb clarity by using dedicated MaxiRay X-ray tube and SharpIQ grid. The MaxiRay bi-metal rhodium or molybdenum tube offers extensive penetration and comes with an inner focusing cone. The high X-ray spectrum provided by these metals penetrates even the densest of breast tissues and reveals details that are obscure in images rendered by other machines.

The unrivalled image quality and magnification provided by this tube sets the machine apart from its competitors. The machine reduces exposure time, which ensures image quality and cuts down dose by 40 percent which allows for examination of dense breasts without reduction in image quality. The anti scatter grid movement is also optimized by the SharpIQ and DMR features which provides high definition images. The machine as with most GE products is consistent and reliable and also ensures automatic optimization of parameters. The digital display, flipping markers and single magnification stand all add to overall design and renders it highly user friendly.

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The word “ultrasound” conjurers up images of fuzzy pictures and growing babies. But ultrasound machines have another face, one of precision and delicacy. This facet of ultrasound is employed when operating on one of the most sensitive organs of the body: the human eye.

Modern ultrasound has both the ability to be very precise and very controlled. The precision is self evident. The width of a sound wave is beyond tiny. Getting into small places is not a problem for a sound wave. And the length of a wave is not really an issue. To simplify it a bit, length of sound wave can be correlated to strength. And controlling the strength of the ultrasound is perhaps the most established part of the modern techniques of ultrasound.

So, given this, it is no wonder that eye surgeries use ultrasound machines. Especially in cataract surgery, ultrasound really comes into play. The principle complaint in all cataracts is a clouding of the lens. At the end of World War II, many pilots were retuning to base with eye injuries from explosions of the windshield of the planes. Surgeons at the time were unable to remove every piece. But the subsequent weeks did not show any rejections of the small bits by the eye. Therefore, it was discovered that certain kinds of materials could be introduced into the eye and the eye would not reject the material. It was but a short step from that discovery to the grinding of lenses that could replace the natural lens of the eye when clouded with a cataract.

Surgeons quickly discovered that when they opened the capsule of the eye, they had to re-establish the pressure of the anterior chamber of the eye for the surgery to be successful. Over the years many techniques were studied, but one day eye surgeon Dr. Charles Kelman went to his dentist and saw an ultrasonic probe. He saw that this small device could be readily adapted for eye surgery.

The advantage of the ultrasonic probe is that the lens can be removed without opening the capsule of the eye. Of course, the appropriate anesthetic, local or general is used, but given the small size of the incision and the need for the patient to remain still, local anesthetic is the typical choice. Basically, the procedure involves a very small incision in the cornea. A probe irrigated with a saline solution is then introduced under the cornea without opening or removing the whole cornea. The probe liquefies the natural lens, which is then aspirated out while clean saline is introduced. As the new artificial lens Is then inserted, the pressure in the eye is maintained.

Recovery time for this type of procedure is remarkably short. Many patients report improved vision only hours following the procedure, though full effects may take weeks to be realized. Patients are cautioned against bending at the waist and lifting things for about a week, but generally after that, the only reminder of the surgery is vastly improved vision.

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